[SYNC] Merge upstream NousResearch/hermes-agent — 499 commits #201
@@ -120,3 +120,138 @@ self.play(old_content.animate.set_opacity(0.3), FadeIn(new_content))
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self.play(FadeOut(Group(*self.mobjects)), run_time=0.5)
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self.wait(0.3)
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```
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## Reactive Mobjects: always_redraw()
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Rebuild a mobject from scratch every frame — essential when its geometry depends on other animated objects:
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```python
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# Brace that follows a resizing square
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brace = always_redraw(Brace, square, UP)
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self.add(brace)
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self.play(square.animate.scale(2)) # brace auto-adjusts
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# Horizontal line that tracks a moving dot
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h_line = always_redraw(lambda: axes.get_h_line(dot.get_left()))
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# Label that always stays next to another mobject
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label = always_redraw(lambda: Text("here", font_size=20).next_to(dot, UP, buff=0.2))
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```
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Note: `always_redraw` recreates the mobject every frame. For simple property tracking, use `add_updater` instead (cheaper):
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```python
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label.add_updater(lambda m: m.next_to(dot, UP))
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```
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## TracedPath — Trajectory Tracing
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Draw the path a point has traveled:
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```python
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dot = Dot(color=YELLOW)
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path = TracedPath(dot.get_center, stroke_color=YELLOW, stroke_width=2)
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self.add(dot, path)
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self.play(dot.animate.shift(RIGHT * 3 + UP * 2), run_time=2)
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# path shows the trail the dot left behind
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# Fading trail (dissipates over time):
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path = TracedPath(dot.get_center, dissipating_time=0.5, stroke_opacity=[0, 1])
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```
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Use cases: gradient descent paths, planetary orbits, function tracing, particle trajectories.
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## FadeTransform — Smoother Cross-Fades
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`Transform` morphs shapes through ugly intermediate warping. `FadeTransform` cross-fades with position matching — use it when source and target look different:
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```python
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# UGLY: Transform warps circle into square through a blob
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self.play(Transform(circle, square))
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# SMOOTH: FadeTransform cross-fades cleanly
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self.play(FadeTransform(circle, square))
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# FadeTransformPieces: per-submobject FadeTransform
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self.play(FadeTransformPieces(group1, group2))
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# TransformFromCopy: animate a COPY while keeping the original visible
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self.play(TransformFromCopy(source, target))
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# source stays on screen, a copy morphs into target
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```
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**Recommendation:** Use `FadeTransform` as default for dissimilar shapes. Use `Transform`/`ReplacementTransform` only for similar shapes (circle→ellipse, equation→equation).
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## ApplyMatrix — Linear Transformation Visualization
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Animate a matrix transformation on mobjects:
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```python
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# Apply a 2x2 matrix to a grid
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matrix = [[2, 1], [1, 1]]
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self.play(ApplyMatrix(matrix, number_plane), run_time=2)
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# Also works on individual mobjects
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self.play(ApplyMatrix([[0, -1], [1, 0]], square)) # 90-degree rotation
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```
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Pairs with `LinearTransformationScene` — see `camera-and-3d.md`.
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## squish_rate_func — Time-Window Staggering
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Compress any rate function into a time window within an animation. Enables overlapping stagger without `LaggedStart`:
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```python
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self.play(
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FadeIn(a, rate_func=squish_rate_func(smooth, 0, 0.5)), # 0% to 50%
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FadeIn(b, rate_func=squish_rate_func(smooth, 0.25, 0.75)), # 25% to 75%
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FadeIn(c, rate_func=squish_rate_func(smooth, 0.5, 1.0)), # 50% to 100%
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run_time=2
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)
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```
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More precise than `LaggedStart` when you need exact overlap control.
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## Additional Rate Functions
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```python
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from manim import (
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smooth, linear, rush_into, rush_from,
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there_and_back, there_and_back_with_pause,
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running_start, double_smooth, wiggle,
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lingering, exponential_decay, not_quite_there,
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squish_rate_func
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)
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# running_start: pulls back before going forward (anticipation)
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self.play(FadeIn(mob, rate_func=running_start))
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# there_and_back_with_pause: goes there, holds, comes back
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self.play(mob.animate.shift(UP), rate_func=there_and_back_with_pause)
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# not_quite_there: stops at a fraction of the full animation
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self.play(FadeIn(mob, rate_func=not_quite_there(0.7)))
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```
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## ShowIncreasingSubsets / ShowSubmobjectsOneByOne
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Reveal group members progressively — ideal for algorithm visualization:
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```python
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# Reveal array elements one at a time
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array = Group(*[Square() for _ in range(8)]).arrange(RIGHT)
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self.play(ShowIncreasingSubsets(array), run_time=3)
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# Show submobjects with staggered appearance
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self.play(ShowSubmobjectsOneByOne(code_lines), run_time=4)
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```
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## ShowPassingFlash
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A flash of light travels along a path:
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```python
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# Flash traveling along a curve
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self.play(ShowPassingFlash(curve.copy().set_color(YELLOW), time_width=0.3))
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# Great for: data flow, electrical signals, network traffic
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```
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@@ -74,3 +74,62 @@ helix = ParametricFunction(
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- Surfaces, vector fields, spatial geometry, 3D transforms
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## When NOT to Use 3D
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- 2D concepts, text-heavy scenes, flat data (bar charts, time series)
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## ZoomedScene — Inset Zoom
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Show a magnified inset of a detail while keeping the full view visible:
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```python
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class ZoomExample(ZoomedScene):
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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super().__init__(
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zoom_factor=0.3, # how much of the scene the zoom box covers
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zoomed_display_height=3, # size of the inset
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zoomed_display_width=3,
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zoomed_camera_frame_starting_position=ORIGIN,
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**kwargs
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)
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def construct(self):
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self.camera.background_color = BG
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# ... create your scene content ...
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# Activate the zoom
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self.activate_zooming()
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# Move the zoom frame to a point of interest
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self.play(self.zoomed_camera.frame.animate.move_to(detail_point))
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self.wait(2)
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# Deactivate
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self.play(self.get_zoomed_display_pop_out_animation(), rate_func=lambda t: smooth(1-t))
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```
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Use cases: zooming into a specific term in an equation, showing fine detail in a diagram, magnifying a region of a plot.
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## LinearTransformationScene — Linear Algebra
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Pre-built scene with basis vectors and grid for visualizing matrix transformations:
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```python
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class LinearTransformExample(LinearTransformationScene):
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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super().__init__(
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show_coordinates=True,
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show_basis_vectors=True,
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**kwargs
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)
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def construct(self):
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matrix = [[2, 1], [1, 1]]
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# Add a vector before applying the transform
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vector = self.get_vector([1, 2], color=YELLOW)
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self.add_vector(vector)
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# Apply the transformation — grid, basis vectors, and your vector all transform
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self.apply_matrix(matrix)
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self.wait(2)
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```
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This produces the signature 3Blue1Brown "Essence of Linear Algebra" look — grid lines deforming, basis vectors stretching, determinant visualized through area change.
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@@ -78,3 +78,88 @@ class DerivationScene(Scene):
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s2.next_to(s1, DOWN, buff=0.8)
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self.play(s1.animate.set_opacity(0.4), TransformMatchingTex(s1.copy(), s2))
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```
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## substrings_to_isolate for Complex Equations
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For dense equations where manually splitting into parts is impractical, use `substrings_to_isolate` to tell Manim which substrings to track as individual elements:
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```python
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# Without isolation — the whole expression is one blob
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lagrangian = MathTex(
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r"\mathcal{L} = \bar{\psi}(i \gamma^\mu D_\mu - m)\psi - \tfrac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}"
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)
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# With isolation — each named substring is a separate submobject
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lagrangian = MathTex(
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r"\mathcal{L} = \bar{\psi}(i \gamma^\mu D_\mu - m)\psi - \tfrac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}",
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substrings_to_isolate=[r"\psi", r"D_\mu", r"\gamma^\mu", r"F_{\mu\nu}"]
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)
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# Now you can color individual terms
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lagrangian.set_color_by_tex(r"\psi", BLUE)
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lagrangian.set_color_by_tex(r"F_{\mu\nu}", YELLOW)
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```
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Essential for `TransformMatchingTex` on complex equations — without isolation, matching fails on dense expressions.
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## Multi-Line Complex Equations
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For equations with multiple related lines, pass each line as a separate argument:
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```python
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maxwell = MathTex(
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r"\nabla \cdot \mathbf{E} = \frac{\rho}{\epsilon_0}",
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r"\nabla \times \mathbf{B} = \mu_0\mathbf{J} + \mu_0\epsilon_0\frac{\partial \mathbf{E}}{\partial t}"
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).arrange(DOWN)
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# Each line is a separate submobject — animate independently
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self.play(Write(maxwell[0]))
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self.wait(1)
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self.play(Write(maxwell[1]))
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```
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## TransformMatchingTex with key_map
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Map specific substrings between source and target equations during transformation:
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```python
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eq1 = MathTex(r"A^2 + B^2 = C^2")
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eq2 = MathTex(r"A^2 = C^2 - B^2")
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self.play(TransformMatchingTex(
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eq1, eq2,
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key_map={"+": "-"}, # map "+" in source to "-" in target
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path_arc=PI / 2, # arc the pieces into position
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))
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```
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## set_color_by_tex — Color by Substring
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```python
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eq = MathTex(r"E = mc^2")
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eq.set_color_by_tex("E", BLUE)
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eq.set_color_by_tex("m", RED)
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eq.set_color_by_tex("c", GREEN)
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```
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## TransformMatchingTex with matched_keys
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When matching substrings are ambiguous, specify which to align explicitly:
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```python
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kw = dict(font_size=72, t2c={"A": BLUE, "B": TEAL, "C": GREEN})
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lines = [
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MathTex(r"A^2 + B^2 = C^2", **kw),
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MathTex(r"A^2 = C^2 - B^2", **kw),
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MathTex(r"A^2 = (C + B)(C - B)", **kw),
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MathTex(r"A = \sqrt{(C + B)(C - B)}", **kw),
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]
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self.play(TransformMatchingTex(
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lines[0].copy(), lines[1],
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matched_keys=["A^2", "B^2", "C^2"], # explicitly match these
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key_map={"+": "-"}, # map + to -
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path_arc=PI / 2, # arc pieces into position
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))
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```
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Without `matched_keys`, the animation matches the longest common substrings, which can produce unexpected results on complex equations (e.g., "^2 = C^2" matching across terms).
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@@ -89,3 +89,75 @@ arrow = Arrow(before.get_right(), after.get_left(), color=YELLOW)
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label = Text("+167%", font_size=36, color=YELLOW).next_to(arrow, UP)
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self.play(GrowArrow(arrow), Write(label))
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```
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## Graph / DiGraph — Graph Theory Visualization
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Built-in graph mobjects with automatic layout:
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```python
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# Undirected graph
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g = Graph(
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vertices=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
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edges=[(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 1), (1, 3)],
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layout="spring", # or "circular", "kamada_kawai", "planar", "tree"
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labels=True,
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vertex_config={"fill_color": PRIMARY},
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edge_config={"stroke_color": SUBTLE},
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)
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self.play(Create(g))
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# Directed graph
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dg = DiGraph(
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vertices=["A", "B", "C"],
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edges=[("A", "B"), ("B", "C"), ("C", "A")],
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layout="circular",
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labels=True,
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edge_config={("A", "B"): {"stroke_color": RED}},
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)
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# Add/remove vertices and edges dynamically
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self.play(g.animate.add_vertices(6, positions={6: RIGHT * 2}))
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self.play(g.animate.add_edges((1, 6)))
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self.play(g.animate.remove_vertices(3))
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```
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Layout algorithms: `"spring"`, `"circular"`, `"kamada_kawai"`, `"planar"`, `"spectral"`, `"tree"` (for rooted trees, specify `root=`).
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## ArrowVectorField / StreamLines — Vector Fields
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```python
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# Arrow field: arrows showing direction at each point
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field = ArrowVectorField(
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lambda pos: np.array([-pos[1], pos[0], 0]), # rotation field
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x_range=[-3, 3], y_range=[-3, 3],
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colors=[BLUE, GREEN, YELLOW, RED]
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)
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self.play(Create(field))
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# StreamLines: flowing particle traces through the field
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stream = StreamLines(
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lambda pos: np.array([-pos[1], pos[0], 0]),
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stroke_width=2, max_anchors_per_line=30
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)
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self.add(stream)
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stream.start_animation(warm_up=True, flow_speed=1.5)
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self.wait(3)
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stream.end_animation()
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```
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Use cases: electromagnetic fields, fluid flow, gradient fields, ODE phase portraits.
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## ComplexPlane / PolarPlane
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```python
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# Complex plane with Re/Im labels
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cplane = ComplexPlane().add_coordinates()
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dot = Dot(cplane.n2p(2 + 1j), color=YELLOW)
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label = Text("2+i", font_size=20).next_to(dot, UR, buff=0.1)
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# Apply complex function to the plane
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self.play(cplane.animate.apply_complex_function(lambda z: z**2), run_time=3)
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# Polar plane
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polar = PolarPlane(radius_max=3).add_coordinates()
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```
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@@ -104,3 +104,161 @@ class NetworkNode(Group):
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Directions: `UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, ORIGIN, UL, UR, DL, DR`
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Colors: `RED, BLUE, GREEN, YELLOW, WHITE, GRAY, ORANGE, PINK, PURPLE, TEAL, GOLD`
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Frame: `config.frame_width = 14.222, config.frame_height = 8.0`
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## SVGMobject — Import SVG Files
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```python
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logo = SVGMobject("path/to/logo.svg")
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logo.set_color(WHITE).scale(0.5).to_corner(UR)
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self.play(FadeIn(logo))
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# SVG submobjects are individually animatable
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for part in logo.submobjects:
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self.play(part.animate.set_color(random_color()))
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```
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## ImageMobject — Display Images
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```python
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img = ImageMobject("screenshot.png")
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img.set_height(3).to_edge(RIGHT)
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self.play(FadeIn(img))
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```
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Note: images cannot be animated with `.animate` (they're raster, not vector). Use `FadeIn`/`FadeOut` and `shift`/`scale` only.
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## Variable — Auto-Updating Display
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```python
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var = Variable(0, Text("x"), num_decimal_places=2)
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var.move_to(ORIGIN)
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self.add(var)
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# Animate the value
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self.play(var.tracker.animate.set_value(5), run_time=2)
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# Display auto-updates: "x = 5.00"
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```
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Cleaner than manual `DecimalNumber` + `add_updater` for simple labeled-value displays.
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## BulletedList
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```python
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bullets = BulletedList(
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"First key point",
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"Second important fact",
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"Third conclusion",
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font_size=28
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)
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bullets.to_edge(LEFT, buff=1.0)
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self.play(Write(bullets))
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# Highlight individual items
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self.play(bullets[1].animate.set_color(YELLOW))
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```
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## DashedLine and Angle Markers
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```python
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# Dashed line (asymptotes, construction lines)
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dashed = DashedLine(LEFT * 3, RIGHT * 3, color=SUBTLE, dash_length=0.15)
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# Angle marker between two lines
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line1 = Line(ORIGIN, RIGHT * 2)
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line2 = Line(ORIGIN, UP * 2 + RIGHT)
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angle = Angle(line1, line2, radius=0.5, color=YELLOW)
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angle_label = angle.get_value() # returns the angle in radians
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# Right angle marker
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right_angle = RightAngle(line1, Line(ORIGIN, UP * 2), length=0.3, color=WHITE)
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```
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## Boolean Operations (CSG)
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Combine, subtract, or intersect 2D shapes:
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```python
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circle = Circle(radius=1.5, color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.5).shift(LEFT * 0.5)
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square = Square(side_length=2, color=RED, fill_opacity=0.5).shift(RIGHT * 0.5)
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# Union, Intersection, Difference, Exclusion
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union = Union(circle, square, color=GREEN, fill_opacity=0.5)
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intersect = Intersection(circle, square, color=YELLOW, fill_opacity=0.5)
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diff = Difference(circle, square, color=PURPLE, fill_opacity=0.5)
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exclude = Exclusion(circle, square, color=ORANGE, fill_opacity=0.5)
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```
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Use cases: Venn diagrams, set theory, geometric proofs, area calculations.
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||||
## LabeledArrow / LabeledLine
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
# Arrow with built-in label (auto-positioned)
|
||||
arr = LabeledArrow(Text("force", font_size=18), start=LEFT, end=RIGHT, color=RED)
|
||||
|
||||
# Line with label
|
||||
line = LabeledLine(Text("d = 5m", font_size=18), start=LEFT * 2, end=RIGHT * 2)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Auto-handles label positioning — cleaner than manual `Arrow` + `Text().next_to()`.
|
||||
|
||||
## Text Color/Font/Style Per-Substring (t2c, t2f, t2s, t2w)
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
# Color specific words (t2c = text-to-color)
|
||||
text = Text(
|
||||
"Gradient descent minimizes the loss function",
|
||||
t2c={"Gradient descent": BLUE, "loss function": RED}
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# Different fonts per word (t2f = text-to-font)
|
||||
text = Text(
|
||||
"Use Menlo for code and Inter for prose",
|
||||
t2f={"Menlo": "Menlo", "Inter": "Inter"}
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# Italic/slant per word (t2s = text-to-slant)
|
||||
text = Text("Normal and italic text", t2s={"italic": ITALIC})
|
||||
|
||||
# Bold per word (t2w = text-to-weight)
|
||||
text = Text("Normal and bold text", t2w={"bold": BOLD})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
These are much cleaner than creating separate Text objects and grouping them.
|
||||
|
||||
## Backstroke for Readability Over Backgrounds
|
||||
|
||||
When text overlaps other content (graphs, diagrams, images), add a dark stroke behind it:
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
# CE syntax:
|
||||
label.set_stroke(BLACK, width=5, background=True)
|
||||
|
||||
# Apply to a group
|
||||
for mob in labels:
|
||||
mob.set_stroke(BLACK, width=4, background=True)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This is how 3Blue1Brown keeps text readable over complex backgrounds without using BackgroundRectangle.
|
||||
|
||||
## Complex Function Transforms
|
||||
|
||||
Apply complex functions to entire mobjects — transforms the plane:
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
c_grid = ComplexPlane()
|
||||
moving_grid = c_grid.copy()
|
||||
moving_grid.prepare_for_nonlinear_transform() # adds more sample points for smooth deformation
|
||||
|
||||
self.play(
|
||||
moving_grid.animate.apply_complex_function(lambda z: z**2),
|
||||
run_time=5,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# Also works with R3->R3 functions:
|
||||
self.play(grid.animate.apply_function(
|
||||
lambda p: [p[0] + 0.5 * math.sin(p[1]), p[1] + 0.5 * math.sin(p[0]), p[2]]
|
||||
), run_time=5)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Critical:** Call `prepare_for_nonlinear_transform()` before applying nonlinear functions — without it, the grid has too few sample points and the deformation looks jagged.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -91,3 +91,95 @@ manim -ql --resolution 1080,1080 script.py Scene # 1:1 square
|
||||
5. Review stitched output
|
||||
6. Production render at `-qh`
|
||||
7. Re-stitch + add audio
|
||||
|
||||
## manim.cfg — Project Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
Create `manim.cfg` in the project directory for per-project defaults:
|
||||
|
||||
```ini
|
||||
[CLI]
|
||||
quality = low_quality
|
||||
preview = True
|
||||
media_dir = ./media
|
||||
|
||||
[renderer]
|
||||
background_color = #0D1117
|
||||
|
||||
[tex]
|
||||
tex_template_file = custom_template.tex
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This eliminates repetitive CLI flags and `self.camera.background_color` in every scene.
|
||||
|
||||
## Sections — Chapter Markers
|
||||
|
||||
Mark sections within a scene for organized output:
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
class LongVideo(Scene):
|
||||
def construct(self):
|
||||
self.next_section("Introduction")
|
||||
# ... intro content ...
|
||||
|
||||
self.next_section("Main Concept")
|
||||
# ... main content ...
|
||||
|
||||
self.next_section("Conclusion")
|
||||
# ... closing ...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Render individual sections: `manim --save_sections script.py LongVideo`
|
||||
This outputs separate video files per section — useful for long videos where you want to re-render only one part.
|
||||
|
||||
## manim-voiceover Plugin (Recommended for Narrated Videos)
|
||||
|
||||
The official `manim-voiceover` plugin integrates TTS directly into scene code, auto-syncing animation duration to voiceover length. This is significantly cleaner than the manual ffmpeg muxing approach above.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
pip install "manim-voiceover[elevenlabs]"
|
||||
# Or for free/local TTS:
|
||||
pip install "manim-voiceover[gtts]" # Google TTS (free, lower quality)
|
||||
pip install "manim-voiceover[azure]" # Azure Cognitive Services
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Usage
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from manim import *
|
||||
from manim_voiceover import VoiceoverScene
|
||||
from manim_voiceover.services.elevenlabs import ElevenLabsService
|
||||
|
||||
class NarratedScene(VoiceoverScene):
|
||||
def construct(self):
|
||||
self.set_speech_service(ElevenLabsService(
|
||||
voice_name="Alice",
|
||||
model_id="eleven_multilingual_v2"
|
||||
))
|
||||
|
||||
# Voiceover auto-controls scene duration
|
||||
with self.voiceover(text="Here is a circle being drawn.") as tracker:
|
||||
self.play(Create(Circle()), run_time=tracker.duration)
|
||||
|
||||
with self.voiceover(text="Now let's transform it into a square.") as tracker:
|
||||
self.play(Transform(circle, Square()), run_time=tracker.duration)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Key Features
|
||||
|
||||
- `tracker.duration` — total voiceover duration in seconds
|
||||
- `tracker.time_until_bookmark("mark1")` — sync specific animations to specific words
|
||||
- Auto-generates subtitle `.srt` files
|
||||
- Caches audio locally — re-renders don't re-generate TTS
|
||||
- Works with: ElevenLabs, Azure, Google TTS, pyttsx3 (offline), and custom services
|
||||
|
||||
### Bookmarks for Precise Sync
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
with self.voiceover(text='This is a <bookmark mark="circle"/>circle.') as tracker:
|
||||
self.wait_until_bookmark("circle")
|
||||
self.play(Create(Circle()), run_time=tracker.time_until_bookmark("circle", limit=1))
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This is the recommended approach for any video with narration. The manual ffmpeg muxing workflow above is still useful for adding background music or post-production audio mixing.
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user