Files
hermes-agent/tools/terminal_tool.py
teknium1 061fa70907 Add background process management with process tool, wait, PTY, and stdin support
New process registry and tool for managing long-running background processes
across all terminal backends (local, Docker, Singularity, Modal, SSH).

Process Registry (tools/process_registry.py):
- ProcessSession tracking with rolling 200KB output buffer
- spawn_local() with optional PTY via ptyprocess for interactive CLIs
- spawn_via_env() for non-local backends (runs inside sandbox, never on host)
- Background reader threads per process (Popen stdout or PTY)
- wait() with timeout clamping, interrupt support, and transparent limit reporting
- JSON checkpoint to ~/.hermes/processes.json for gateway crash recovery
- Module-level singleton shared across agent loop, gateway, and RL

Process Tool (model_tools.py):
- 7 actions: list, poll, log, wait, kill, write, submit
- Paired with terminal in all toolsets (CLI, messaging, RL)
- Timeout clamping with transparent notes in response

Terminal Tool Updates (tools/terminal_tool.py):
- Replaced nohup background mode with registry spawn (returns session_id)
- Added workdir parameter for per-command working directory
- Added check_interval parameter for gateway auto-check watchers
- Added pty parameter for interactive CLI tools (Codex, Claude Code)
- Updated TERMINAL_TOOL_DESCRIPTION with full background workflow docs
- Cleanup thread now respects active background processes (won't reap sandbox)

Gateway Integration (gateway/run.py, session.py, config.py):
- Session reset protection: sessions with active processes exempt from reset
- Default idle timeout increased from 2 hours to 24 hours
- from_dict fallback aligned to match (was 120, now 1440)
- session_key env var propagated to process registry for session mapping
- Crash recovery on gateway startup via checkpoint probe
- check_interval watcher: asyncio task polls process, delivers updates to platform

RL Safety (environments/):
- tool_context.py cleanup() kills background processes on episode end
- hermes_base_env.py warns when enabled_toolsets is None (loads all tools)
- Process tool safe in RL via wait() blocking the agent loop

Also:
- Added ptyprocess as optional dependency (in pyproject.toml [pty] extra + [all])
- Fixed pre-existing bug: rl_test_inference missing from TOOL_TO_TOOLSET_MAP
- Updated AGENTS.md with process management docs and project structure
- Updated README.md terminal section with process management overview
2026-02-17 02:51:31 -08:00

1903 lines
73 KiB
Python

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Terminal Tool Module (mini-swe-agent backend)
A terminal tool that executes commands using mini-swe-agent's execution environments.
Supports local execution, Docker containers, and Modal cloud sandboxes.
Environment Selection (via TERMINAL_ENV environment variable):
- "local": Execute directly on the host machine (default, fastest)
- "docker": Execute in Docker containers (isolated, requires Docker)
- "modal": Execute in Modal cloud sandboxes (scalable, requires Modal account)
Features:
- Multiple execution backends (local, docker, modal)
- Background task support
- VM/container lifecycle management
- Automatic cleanup after inactivity
Usage:
from terminal_tool import terminal_tool
# Execute a simple command
result = terminal_tool("ls -la")
# Execute in background
result = terminal_tool("python server.py", background=True)
"""
import json
import os
import signal
import sys
import time
import threading
import atexit
import shutil
import subprocess
import tempfile
import uuid
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional, Dict, Any
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global interrupt event: set by the agent when a user interrupt arrives.
# The terminal tool polls this during command execution so it can kill
# long-running subprocesses immediately instead of blocking until timeout.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
_interrupt_event = threading.Event()
def set_interrupt_event(active: bool) -> None:
"""Called by the agent to signal or clear the interrupt."""
if active:
_interrupt_event.set()
else:
_interrupt_event.clear()
def is_interrupted() -> bool:
"""Check if an interrupt has been requested."""
return _interrupt_event.is_set()
# Add mini-swe-agent to path if not installed
mini_swe_path = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "mini-swe-agent" / "src"
if mini_swe_path.exists():
sys.path.insert(0, str(mini_swe_path))
# =============================================================================
# Custom Singularity Environment with more space
# =============================================================================
def _get_scratch_dir() -> Path:
"""Get the best directory for Singularity sandboxes - prefers /scratch if available."""
# Check for configurable scratch directory first (highest priority)
custom_scratch = os.getenv("TERMINAL_SCRATCH_DIR")
if custom_scratch:
scratch_path = Path(custom_scratch)
scratch_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
return scratch_path
# Check for /scratch (common on HPC clusters, especially GPU nodes)
scratch = Path("/scratch")
if scratch.exists() and os.access(scratch, os.W_OK):
# Create user-specific subdirectory
user_scratch = scratch / os.getenv("USER", "hermes") / "hermes-agent"
user_scratch.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
print(f"[Terminal] Using /scratch for sandboxes: {user_scratch}")
return user_scratch
# Fall back to /tmp
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
print("[Terminal] Warning: /scratch not available, using /tmp (limited space)")
return Path(tempfile.gettempdir())
def _get_apptainer_cache_dir() -> Path:
"""Get the Apptainer cache directory for SIF images."""
# Check for APPTAINER_CACHEDIR env var
cache_dir = os.getenv("APPTAINER_CACHEDIR")
if cache_dir:
cache_path = Path(cache_dir)
cache_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
return cache_path
# Use user-specific subdirectory in scratch for cache
scratch = _get_scratch_dir()
cache_path = scratch / ".apptainer"
cache_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
return cache_path
# Lock for SIF building to prevent race conditions
_sif_build_lock = threading.Lock()
def _get_or_build_sif(image: str, executable: str = "apptainer") -> str:
"""
Get or build a SIF image from a docker:// URL.
If the image is already a .sif file, returns it as-is.
If the image is a docker:// URL, checks for cached SIF and builds if needed.
Args:
image: Image path (docker://... URL or .sif path)
executable: apptainer or singularity
Returns:
Path to SIF file, or original image if not a docker:// URL
"""
# If already a .sif file, use it directly
if image.endswith('.sif') and Path(image).exists():
return image
# If not a docker:// URL, return as-is (could be a local sandbox or other format)
if not image.startswith('docker://'):
return image
# Generate SIF filename from docker image name
# docker://nikolaik/python-nodejs:python3.11-nodejs20 -> python-nodejs-python3.11-nodejs20.sif
image_name = image.replace('docker://', '').replace('/', '-').replace(':', '-')
cache_dir = _get_apptainer_cache_dir()
sif_path = cache_dir / f"{image_name}.sif"
# Check if SIF already exists
if sif_path.exists():
return str(sif_path)
# Build SIF with lock to prevent multiple workers building simultaneously
with _sif_build_lock:
# Double-check after acquiring lock (another thread may have built it)
if sif_path.exists():
return str(sif_path)
print(f"[Terminal] Building SIF image (one-time setup)...")
print(f"[Terminal] Source: {image}")
print(f"[Terminal] Target: {sif_path}")
# Ensure tmp directory exists for build
tmp_dir = cache_dir / "tmp"
tmp_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
# Set APPTAINER_TMPDIR for the build
env = os.environ.copy()
env["APPTAINER_TMPDIR"] = str(tmp_dir)
env["APPTAINER_CACHEDIR"] = str(cache_dir)
try:
result = subprocess.run(
[executable, "build", str(sif_path), image],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
timeout=600, # 10 min timeout for pulling and building
env=env
)
if result.returncode != 0:
print(f"[Terminal] ⚠️ SIF build failed, falling back to docker:// URL")
print(f"[Terminal] Error: {result.stderr[:500]}")
return image
print(f"[Terminal] ✅ SIF image built successfully")
return str(sif_path)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
print(f"[Terminal] ⚠️ SIF build timed out, falling back to docker:// URL")
# Clean up partial file
if sif_path.exists():
sif_path.unlink()
return image
except Exception as e:
print(f"[Terminal] ⚠️ SIF build error: {e}, falling back to docker:// URL")
return image
# Disk usage warning threshold (in GB)
DISK_USAGE_WARNING_THRESHOLD_GB = float(os.getenv("TERMINAL_DISK_WARNING_GB", "500"))
def _check_disk_usage_warning():
"""Check if total disk usage exceeds warning threshold."""
scratch_dir = _get_scratch_dir()
try:
# Get total size of hermes directories
total_bytes = 0
import glob
for path in glob.glob(str(scratch_dir / "hermes-*")):
for f in Path(path).rglob('*'):
if f.is_file():
try:
total_bytes += f.stat().st_size
except:
pass
total_gb = total_bytes / (1024 ** 3)
if total_gb > DISK_USAGE_WARNING_THRESHOLD_GB:
print(f"⚠️ [Terminal] WARNING: Disk usage ({total_gb:.1f}GB) exceeds threshold ({DISK_USAGE_WARNING_THRESHOLD_GB}GB)")
print(f" Consider running cleanup_all_environments() or reducing parallel workers")
return True
return False
except Exception as e:
return False
# Session-cached sudo password (persists until CLI exits)
_cached_sudo_password: str = ""
# =============================================================================
# Dangerous Command Approval System
# =============================================================================
# Session-cached dangerous command approvals (pattern -> approved)
_session_approved_patterns: set = set()
# Last approval-required command (for gateway to pick up)
# Set by _check_dangerous_command when in ask mode, read by gateway
_last_pending_approval: dict = {}
# Dangerous command patterns (regex, description)
DANGEROUS_PATTERNS = [
(r'\brm\s+(-[^\s]*\s+)*/', "delete in root path"),
(r'\brm\s+(-[^\s]*)?r', "recursive delete"),
(r'\bchmod\s+(-[^\s]*\s+)*777\b', "world-writable permissions"),
(r'\bchown\s+(-[^\s]*)?R\s+root', "recursive chown to root"),
(r'\bmkfs\b', "format filesystem"),
(r'\bdd\s+.*if=', "disk copy"),
(r'>\s*/dev/sd', "write to block device"),
(r'\bDROP\s+(TABLE|DATABASE)\b', "SQL DROP"),
(r'\bDELETE\s+FROM\b(?!.*\bWHERE\b)', "SQL DELETE without WHERE"),
(r'\bTRUNCATE\s+(TABLE)?\s*\w', "SQL TRUNCATE"),
(r'>\s*/etc/', "overwrite system config"),
(r'\bsystemctl\s+(stop|disable|mask)\b', "stop/disable system service"),
(r'\bkill\s+-9\s+-1\b', "kill all processes"),
(r'\bpkill\s+-9\b', "force kill processes"),
(r':()\s*{\s*:\s*\|\s*:&\s*}\s*;:', "fork bomb"),
]
def _load_permanent_allowlist() -> set:
"""Load permanently allowed command patterns from config."""
try:
from hermes_cli.config import load_config
config = load_config()
patterns = config.get("command_allowlist", [])
return set(patterns) if patterns else set()
except Exception:
return set()
def _save_permanent_allowlist(patterns: set):
"""Save permanently allowed command patterns to config."""
try:
from hermes_cli.config import load_config, save_config
config = load_config()
config["command_allowlist"] = list(patterns)
save_config(config)
except Exception as e:
print(f" ⚠️ Could not save allowlist: {e}")
def _detect_dangerous_command(command: str) -> tuple:
"""
Check if command matches any dangerous patterns.
Returns:
(is_dangerous, pattern_key, description) or (False, None, None)
"""
import re
command_lower = command.lower()
for pattern, description in DANGEROUS_PATTERNS:
if re.search(pattern, command_lower, re.IGNORECASE):
# Use a simplified pattern key for caching (first word + key chars)
pattern_key = pattern.split(r'\b')[1] if r'\b' in pattern else pattern[:20]
return (True, pattern_key, description)
return (False, None, None)
def _is_command_approved(pattern_key: str) -> bool:
"""Check if a pattern is approved (session or permanent)."""
if pattern_key in _session_approved_patterns:
return True
permanent = _load_permanent_allowlist()
if pattern_key in permanent:
return True
return False
def _prompt_dangerous_approval(command: str, description: str, timeout_seconds: int = 60) -> str:
"""
Prompt user to approve a dangerous command (CLI only).
Returns: 'once', 'session', 'always', or 'deny'
"""
import sys
import threading
# Pause spinner if one is running
os.environ["HERMES_SPINNER_PAUSE"] = "1"
try:
# Use simple ASCII art for compatibility (no ANSI color codes)
print()
print(f" ⚠️ DANGEROUS COMMAND: {description}")
print(f" {command[:80]}{'...' if len(command) > 80 else ''}")
print()
print(f" [o]nce | [s]ession | [a]lways | [d]eny")
print()
sys.stdout.flush()
result = {"choice": ""}
def get_input():
try:
result["choice"] = input(" Choice [o/s/a/D]: ").strip().lower()
except:
result["choice"] = ""
thread = threading.Thread(target=get_input, daemon=True)
thread.start()
thread.join(timeout=timeout_seconds)
if thread.is_alive():
print("\n ⏱ Timeout - denying command")
return "deny"
choice = result["choice"]
if choice in ('o', 'once'):
print(" ✓ Allowed once")
return "once"
elif choice in ('s', 'session'):
print(" ✓ Allowed for this session")
return "session"
elif choice in ('a', 'always'):
print(" ✓ Added to permanent allowlist")
return "always"
else:
print(" ✗ Denied")
return "deny"
except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
print("\n ✗ Cancelled")
return "deny"
finally:
if "HERMES_SPINNER_PAUSE" in os.environ:
del os.environ["HERMES_SPINNER_PAUSE"]
print()
sys.stdout.flush()
def _check_dangerous_command(command: str, env_type: str) -> dict:
"""
Check if command is dangerous and handle approval.
Only applies to local/ssh backends in interactive contexts.
Args:
command: The command to check
env_type: The terminal backend type
Returns:
{"approved": True/False, "message": str or None}
"""
# Skip check for isolated environments (containers are disposable)
if env_type in ("docker", "singularity", "modal"):
return {"approved": True, "message": None}
# Detect dangerous command
is_dangerous, pattern_key, description = _detect_dangerous_command(command)
if not is_dangerous:
return {"approved": True, "message": None}
# Check if already approved
if _is_command_approved(pattern_key):
return {"approved": True, "message": None}
# Check context - only prompt in interactive modes
is_cli = os.getenv("HERMES_INTERACTIVE")
is_gateway = os.getenv("HERMES_GATEWAY_SESSION")
if not is_cli and not is_gateway:
# Programmatic use - allow (user opted into local backend)
return {"approved": True, "message": None}
if is_gateway or os.getenv("HERMES_EXEC_ASK"):
# Messaging context - return approval_required so the gateway can
# prompt the user interactively instead of just blocking
global _last_pending_approval
_last_pending_approval = {
"command": command,
"pattern_key": pattern_key,
"description": description,
}
return {
"approved": False,
"pattern_key": pattern_key,
"status": "approval_required",
"command": command,
"description": description,
"message": f"⚠️ This command is potentially dangerous ({description}). Asking the user for approval..."
}
# CLI context - prompt user
choice = _prompt_dangerous_approval(command, description)
if choice == "deny":
return {"approved": False, "message": "BLOCKED: User denied this potentially dangerous command. Do NOT retry this command - the user has explicitly rejected it."}
# Handle approval
if choice == "session":
_session_approved_patterns.add(pattern_key)
elif choice == "always":
_session_approved_patterns.add(pattern_key)
permanent = _load_permanent_allowlist()
permanent.add(pattern_key)
_save_permanent_allowlist(permanent)
return {"approved": True, "message": None}
def _handle_sudo_failure(output: str, env_type: str) -> str:
"""
Check for sudo failure and add helpful message for messaging contexts.
Returns enhanced output if sudo failed in messaging context, else original.
"""
is_gateway = os.getenv("HERMES_GATEWAY_SESSION")
if not is_gateway:
return output
# Check for sudo failure indicators
sudo_failures = [
"sudo: a password is required",
"sudo: no tty present",
"sudo: a terminal is required",
]
for failure in sudo_failures:
if failure in output:
return output + "\n\n💡 Tip: To enable sudo over messaging, add SUDO_PASSWORD to ~/.hermes/.env on the agent machine."
return output
def _prompt_for_sudo_password(timeout_seconds: int = 45) -> str:
"""
Prompt user for sudo password with timeout.
Returns the password if entered, or empty string if:
- User presses Enter without input (skip)
- Timeout expires (45s default)
- Any error occurs
Only works in interactive mode (HERMES_INTERACTIVE=1).
Uses getpass for hidden input with threading for timeout support.
"""
import getpass
import sys
import time as time_module
# ANSI escape codes for terminal control
CLEAR_LINE = "\033[2K" # Clear entire line
CURSOR_START = "\r" # Move cursor to start of line
# Result container for thread
result = {"password": None, "done": False}
def get_password_thread():
"""Thread function to get password with getpass (hidden input)."""
try:
result["password"] = getpass.getpass(" Password (hidden): ")
except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
result["password"] = ""
except Exception:
result["password"] = ""
finally:
result["done"] = True
try:
# Pause the spinner animation while prompting for password
os.environ["HERMES_SPINNER_PAUSE"] = "1"
time_module.sleep(0.2) # Give spinner time to pause
# Clear any spinner/animation on current line
sys.stdout.write(CURSOR_START + CLEAR_LINE)
sys.stdout.flush()
# Print a clear visual break with empty lines for separation
print("\n") # Extra spacing
print("" + "" * 58 + "")
print("│ 🔐 SUDO PASSWORD REQUIRED" + " " * 30 + "")
print("" + "" * 58 + "")
print("│ Enter password below (input is hidden), or: │")
print("│ • Press Enter to skip (command fails gracefully) │")
print(f"│ • Wait {timeout_seconds}s to auto-skip" + " " * 27 + "")
print("" + "" * 58 + "")
print()
sys.stdout.flush()
# Start password input in a thread so we can timeout
password_thread = threading.Thread(target=get_password_thread, daemon=True)
password_thread.start()
# Wait for either completion or timeout
password_thread.join(timeout=timeout_seconds)
if result["done"]:
# Got input (or user pressed Enter/Ctrl+C)
password = result["password"] or ""
if password:
print(" ✓ Password received (cached for this session)")
else:
print(" ⏭ Skipped - continuing without sudo")
print()
sys.stdout.flush()
return password
else:
# Timeout - thread is still waiting for input
print("\n ⏱ Timeout - continuing without sudo")
print(" (Press Enter to dismiss the password prompt)")
print()
sys.stdout.flush()
return ""
except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
print()
print(" ⏭ Cancelled - continuing without sudo")
print()
sys.stdout.flush()
return ""
except Exception as e:
print(f"\n [sudo prompt error: {e}] - continuing without sudo\n")
sys.stdout.flush()
return ""
finally:
# Always resume the spinner when done
if "HERMES_SPINNER_PAUSE" in os.environ:
del os.environ["HERMES_SPINNER_PAUSE"]
def _transform_sudo_command(command: str) -> str:
"""
Transform sudo commands to use -S flag if SUDO_PASSWORD is available.
This is a shared helper used by all execution environments to provide
consistent sudo handling across local, SSH, and container environments.
If SUDO_PASSWORD is set (via env, config, or interactive prompt):
'sudo apt install curl' -> password piped via sudo -S
If SUDO_PASSWORD is not set and in interactive mode (HERMES_INTERACTIVE=1):
Prompts user for password with 45s timeout, caches for session.
If SUDO_PASSWORD is not set and NOT interactive:
Command runs as-is (fails gracefully with "sudo: a password is required").
"""
global _cached_sudo_password
import re
# Check if command even contains sudo
if not re.search(r'\bsudo\b', command):
return command # No sudo in command, return as-is
# Try to get password from: env var -> session cache -> interactive prompt
sudo_password = os.getenv("SUDO_PASSWORD", "") or _cached_sudo_password
if not sudo_password:
# No password configured - check if we're in interactive mode
if os.getenv("HERMES_INTERACTIVE"):
# Prompt user for password
sudo_password = _prompt_for_sudo_password(timeout_seconds=45)
if sudo_password:
_cached_sudo_password = sudo_password # Cache for session
if not sudo_password:
return command # No password, let it fail gracefully
def replace_sudo(match):
# Replace 'sudo' with password-piped version
# The -S flag makes sudo read password from stdin
# The -p '' suppresses the password prompt
return f"echo '{sudo_password}' | sudo -S -p ''"
# Match 'sudo' at word boundaries (not 'visudo' or 'sudoers')
# This handles: sudo, sudo -flag, etc.
return re.sub(r'\bsudo\b', replace_sudo, command)
class _LocalEnvironment:
"""
Local execution environment with sudo support and non-blocking stdin.
Features:
- Uses stdin=DEVNULL to prevent hanging on interactive prompts (sudo, etc.)
- Optional SUDO_PASSWORD support: if set, transforms `sudo` commands to use `sudo -S`
- Graceful failure: sudo commands fail fast with clear error if no password configured
Environment variables:
- SUDO_PASSWORD: If set, enables sudo commands by piping password via `sudo -S`
"""
def __init__(self, cwd: str = "", timeout: int = 60, env: dict = None):
self.cwd = cwd or os.getcwd()
self.timeout = timeout
self.env = env or {}
def execute(self, command: str, cwd: str = "", *, timeout: int | None = None) -> dict:
"""
Execute a command locally with sudo support.
Uses Popen + polling so the global interrupt event can kill the
process early when the user sends a new message, instead of
blocking for the full timeout.
"""
work_dir = cwd or self.cwd or os.getcwd()
effective_timeout = timeout or self.timeout
# Transform sudo commands if SUDO_PASSWORD is available
exec_command = _transform_sudo_command(command)
try:
proc = subprocess.Popen(
exec_command,
shell=True,
text=True,
cwd=work_dir,
env=os.environ | self.env,
encoding="utf-8",
errors="replace",
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, # Prevent hanging on interactive prompts
# Start in a new process group so we can kill the whole tree
preexec_fn=os.setsid,
)
deadline = time.monotonic() + effective_timeout
# Poll every 200ms so we notice interrupts quickly
while proc.poll() is None:
if _interrupt_event.is_set():
# User sent a new message — kill the process tree and return
# what we have so far
try:
os.killpg(os.getpgid(proc.pid), signal.SIGTERM)
except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError):
proc.kill()
# Grab any partial output
partial, _ = proc.communicate(timeout=2)
output = partial or ""
return {
"output": output + "\n[Command interrupted — user sent a new message]",
"returncode": 130 # Standard interrupted exit code
}
if time.monotonic() > deadline:
# Timeout — kill process tree
try:
os.killpg(os.getpgid(proc.pid), signal.SIGTERM)
except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError):
proc.kill()
proc.communicate(timeout=2)
return {"output": f"Command timed out after {effective_timeout}s", "returncode": 124}
# Short sleep to avoid busy-waiting
time.sleep(0.2)
# Process finished normally — read all output
stdout, _ = proc.communicate()
return {"output": stdout or "", "returncode": proc.returncode}
except Exception as e:
return {"output": f"Execution error: {str(e)}", "returncode": 1}
def cleanup(self):
"""No cleanup needed for local environment."""
pass
def stop(self):
"""Alias for cleanup."""
pass
class _SingularityEnvironment:
"""
Persistent Singularity/Apptainer container environment.
Uses `apptainer instance` to create a long-running container that persists
state (files, installs, env changes) across all commands within a task.
The model experiences this as a real Linux VM.
Features:
- Persistent filesystem: files created in one command are visible in the next
- Package installs persist: pip/apt installs survive across tool calls
- Full isolation: --containall gives PID, IPC, and environment isolation
- Writable tmpfs overlay: full root filesystem is writable (RAM-backed)
- Automatic SIF caching: docker:// images converted to SIF once, reused forever
"""
def __init__(self, image: str, cwd: str = "/root", timeout: int = 60):
self.cwd = cwd
self.timeout = timeout
# Use apptainer if available, otherwise singularity
self.executable = "apptainer" if shutil.which("apptainer") else "singularity"
# Get or build SIF from docker:// URL (fast if already cached)
self.image = _get_or_build_sif(image, self.executable)
# Create unique instance name (must be alphanumeric + underscores)
self.instance_id = f"hermes_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]}"
self._instance_started = False
# Start the persistent instance
self._start_instance()
def _start_instance(self):
"""Start a persistent apptainer instance.
The instance runs as a background process. All subsequent execute() calls
run commands inside this same instance, so state persists across calls.
"""
cmd = [
self.executable, "instance", "start",
"--writable-tmpfs", # RAM-backed writable overlay on read-only SIF
"--containall", # Full isolation: PID, IPC, environment, filesystem
str(self.image),
self.instance_id,
]
try:
result = subprocess.run(
cmd,
capture_output=True,
text=True,
timeout=120, # 2 min for instance startup
)
if result.returncode != 0:
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to start instance: {result.stderr}")
self._instance_started = True
print(f"[Singularity] Instance {self.instance_id} started (persistent container)", flush=True)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
raise RuntimeError("Instance start timed out")
def execute(self, command: str, cwd: str = "", *, timeout: int | None = None) -> dict:
"""Execute a command in the persistent Singularity instance.
All commands run in the same container, so files, installs, and
environment changes persist between calls.
"""
if not self._instance_started:
return {"output": "Instance not started", "returncode": -1}
cmd = [self.executable, "exec"]
# Set working directory
work_dir = cwd or self.cwd
cmd.extend(["--pwd", work_dir])
# Connect to the running instance
cmd.append(f"instance://{self.instance_id}")
# Transform sudo commands if SUDO_PASSWORD is available
exec_command = _transform_sudo_command(command)
# Execute the command
cmd.extend(["bash", "-c", exec_command])
try:
result = subprocess.run(
cmd,
text=True,
timeout=timeout or self.timeout,
encoding="utf-8",
errors="replace",
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, # Prevent hanging on interactive prompts
)
return {"output": result.stdout, "returncode": result.returncode}
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
return {"output": f"Command timed out after {timeout or self.timeout}s", "returncode": 124}
def cleanup(self):
"""Stop the persistent instance and clean up."""
if self._instance_started:
try:
subprocess.run(
[self.executable, "instance", "stop", self.instance_id],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
timeout=30,
)
print(f"[Singularity] Instance {self.instance_id} stopped", flush=True)
except Exception as e:
print(f"[Singularity] Warning: failed to stop instance {self.instance_id}: {e}", flush=True)
self._instance_started = False
def stop(self):
"""Alias for cleanup."""
self.cleanup()
def __del__(self):
"""Cleanup on destruction."""
try:
self.cleanup()
except:
pass
class _SSHEnvironment:
"""
SSH-based remote execution environment.
Runs commands on a remote machine over SSH, keeping the agent code
completely isolated from the execution environment. Uses SSH ControlMaster
for connection persistence (faster subsequent commands).
Security benefits:
- Agent cannot modify its own code
- Remote machine acts as a sandbox
- Clear separation between agent and execution environment
"""
def __init__(self, host: str, user: str, cwd: str = "/tmp", timeout: int = 60,
port: int = 22, key_path: str = ""):
self.host = host
self.user = user
self.cwd = cwd
self.timeout = timeout
self.port = port
self.key_path = key_path
# Create control socket directory for connection persistence
self.control_dir = Path(tempfile.gettempdir()) / "hermes-ssh"
self.control_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
self.control_socket = self.control_dir / f"{user}@{host}:{port}.sock"
# Test connection and establish ControlMaster
self._establish_connection()
def _build_ssh_command(self, extra_args: list = None) -> list:
"""Build base SSH command with connection options."""
cmd = ["ssh"]
# Connection multiplexing for performance
cmd.extend(["-o", f"ControlPath={self.control_socket}"])
cmd.extend(["-o", "ControlMaster=auto"])
cmd.extend(["-o", "ControlPersist=300"]) # Keep connection alive for 5 min
# Standard options
cmd.extend(["-o", "BatchMode=yes"]) # No password prompts
cmd.extend(["-o", "StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new"]) # Accept new hosts
cmd.extend(["-o", "ConnectTimeout=10"])
# Port
if self.port != 22:
cmd.extend(["-p", str(self.port)])
# Private key
if self.key_path:
cmd.extend(["-i", self.key_path])
# Extra args (like -t for TTY)
if extra_args:
cmd.extend(extra_args)
# Target
cmd.append(f"{self.user}@{self.host}")
return cmd
def _establish_connection(self):
"""Test SSH connection and establish ControlMaster."""
cmd = self._build_ssh_command()
cmd.append("echo 'SSH connection established'")
try:
result = subprocess.run(
cmd,
capture_output=True,
text=True,
timeout=15
)
if result.returncode != 0:
error_msg = result.stderr.strip() or result.stdout.strip()
raise RuntimeError(f"SSH connection failed: {error_msg}")
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
raise RuntimeError(f"SSH connection to {self.user}@{self.host} timed out")
def execute(self, command: str, cwd: str = "", *, timeout: int | None = None) -> dict:
"""Execute a command on the remote host via SSH."""
work_dir = cwd or self.cwd
effective_timeout = timeout or self.timeout
# Transform sudo commands if SUDO_PASSWORD is available
exec_command = _transform_sudo_command(command)
# Wrap command to run in the correct directory
# Use bash -c to handle complex commands properly
wrapped_command = f'cd {work_dir} && {exec_command}'
cmd = self._build_ssh_command()
cmd.extend(["bash", "-c", wrapped_command])
try:
result = subprocess.run(
cmd,
text=True,
timeout=effective_timeout,
encoding="utf-8",
errors="replace",
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, # Prevent hanging on interactive prompts
)
return {"output": result.stdout, "returncode": result.returncode}
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
return {"output": f"Command timed out after {effective_timeout}s", "returncode": 124}
except Exception as e:
return {"output": f"SSH execution error: {str(e)}", "returncode": 1}
def cleanup(self):
"""Close the SSH ControlMaster connection."""
if self.control_socket.exists():
try:
# Send exit command to ControlMaster
cmd = ["ssh", "-o", f"ControlPath={self.control_socket}", "-O", "exit",
f"{self.user}@{self.host}"]
subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, timeout=5)
except:
pass
# Remove socket file
try:
self.control_socket.unlink()
except:
pass
def stop(self):
"""Alias for cleanup."""
self.cleanup()
def __del__(self):
"""Cleanup on destruction."""
try:
self.cleanup()
except:
pass
class _DockerEnvironment:
"""
Docker execution environment wrapper with sudo support and non-blocking stdin.
Wraps mini-swe-agent's DockerEnvironment but adds:
- stdin=DEVNULL to prevent hanging on interactive prompts
- SUDO_PASSWORD support via _transform_sudo_command
"""
def __init__(self, image: str, cwd: str = "/", timeout: int = 60):
from minisweagent.environments.docker import DockerEnvironment
self._inner = DockerEnvironment(image=image, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)
self.cwd = cwd
self.timeout = timeout
def execute(self, command: str, cwd: str = "", *, timeout: int | None = None) -> dict:
"""Execute a command in the Docker container with sudo support."""
# Transform sudo commands if SUDO_PASSWORD is available
exec_command = _transform_sudo_command(command)
work_dir = cwd or self.cwd
effective_timeout = timeout or self.timeout
# Get container_id from inner environment
assert self._inner.container_id, "Container not started"
cmd = [self._inner.config.executable, "exec", "-w", work_dir]
for key in self._inner.config.forward_env:
if (value := os.getenv(key)) is not None:
cmd.extend(["-e", f"{key}={value}"])
for key, value in self._inner.config.env.items():
cmd.extend(["-e", f"{key}={value}"])
cmd.extend([self._inner.container_id, "bash", "-lc", exec_command])
try:
result = subprocess.run(
cmd,
text=True,
timeout=effective_timeout,
encoding="utf-8",
errors="replace",
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, # Prevent hanging on interactive prompts
)
return {"output": result.stdout, "returncode": result.returncode}
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
return {"output": f"Command timed out after {effective_timeout}s", "returncode": 124}
def cleanup(self):
"""Cleanup the Docker container."""
self._inner.cleanup()
def stop(self):
"""Alias for cleanup."""
self.cleanup()
def __del__(self):
"""Cleanup on destruction."""
try:
self.cleanup()
except:
pass
class _ModalEnvironment:
"""
Modal cloud execution environment wrapper with sudo support.
Wraps mini-swe-agent's SwerexModalEnvironment but adds:
- SUDO_PASSWORD support via _transform_sudo_command
- Automatic async-safety patches (applied once, before first use)
The patches replace SwerexModalEnvironment's asyncio.run() calls with a
background thread approach, making it safe to use inside any event loop
(e.g., Atropos). Applied here at the point of use rather than relying on
import-time side effects, so ALL callers get the fix automatically.
"""
# Class-level flag: patches only need to be applied once
_patches_applied = False
def __init__(self, image: str, cwd: str = "/root", timeout: int = 60):
# Ensure async-safety patches are applied before creating any
# SwerexModalEnvironment instance. This is the single authoritative
# place -- no other module needs to call apply_patches() for Modal.
if not _ModalEnvironment._patches_applied:
try:
from environments.patches import apply_patches
apply_patches()
except ImportError:
pass # patches module not available (standalone use)
_ModalEnvironment._patches_applied = True
from minisweagent.environments.extra.swerex_modal import SwerexModalEnvironment
# Generous startup timeout: sandbox creation can take 30-60s for cold images,
# and the SWE-ReX runtime needs another 10-30s to boot inside it.
self._inner = SwerexModalEnvironment(
image=image, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout,
startup_timeout=180.0,
runtime_timeout=3600.0,
)
self.cwd = cwd
self.timeout = timeout
def execute(self, command: str, cwd: str = "", *, timeout: int | None = None) -> dict:
"""Execute a command in Modal with sudo support."""
# Transform sudo commands if SUDO_PASSWORD is available
exec_command = _transform_sudo_command(command)
# Delegate to inner environment with transformed command
return self._inner.execute(exec_command, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)
def cleanup(self):
"""Cleanup the Modal deployment."""
if hasattr(self._inner, 'stop'):
self._inner.stop()
def stop(self):
"""Stop the Modal deployment."""
self.cleanup()
def __del__(self):
"""Cleanup on destruction."""
try:
self.cleanup()
except:
pass
# Tool description for LLM
TERMINAL_TOOL_DESCRIPTION = """Execute commands on a secure Linux environment.
**Environment:**
- Isolated execution environment (local, Docker, or Modal cloud based on configuration)
- Filesystem persists between tool calls within the same task
- Internet access available
**Command Execution:**
- Simple commands: Just provide the 'command' parameter
- Background processes: Set 'background': true to get a session_id for monitoring via the 'process' tool
- Command timeout: Optional 'timeout' parameter in seconds
- Working directory: Optional 'workdir' parameter for per-command cwd
- PTY mode: Set 'pty': true for interactive CLI tools (Codex, Claude Code, etc.)
**Examples:**
- Run command: `{"command": "ls -la"}`
- Background task: `{"command": "pytest -v tests/", "background": true}` -- returns session_id, use process tool to poll/wait/kill
- With workdir: `{"command": "npm install", "workdir": "/home/user/project"}`
- With timeout: `{"command": "long_task.sh", "timeout": 300}`
- Interactive CLI: `{"command": "codex exec 'Add tests'", "background": true, "pty": true}`
**Background Process Workflow:**
1. Start: `terminal(command="...", background=true)` -- returns session_id
2. Monitor: `process(action="poll", session_id="...")` -- check status + new output
3. Wait: `process(action="wait", session_id="...", timeout=600)` -- block until done
4. Interact: `process(action="write/submit", session_id="...", data="y")` -- send stdin
5. Kill: `process(action="kill", session_id="...")` -- terminate
**Best Practices:**
- Use background mode for long-running tasks, then process(wait) to block until completion
- Use workdir to run commands in specific project directories
- Install whatever tools you need with apt-get or pip
- Try to create or use a venv with uv or python -m venv to keep isolation from global system packages
**Things to avoid:**
- Do NOT use interactive tools (vim, nano, python repl) without pty=true -- they will hang without a pseudo-terminal.
- Even git sometimes becomes interactive if the output is large. If you're not sure, pipe to cat.
"""
# Global state for environment lifecycle management
_active_environments: Dict[str, Any] = {}
_task_workdirs: Dict[str, str] = {} # Maps task_id to working directory
_last_activity: Dict[str, float] = {}
_env_lock = threading.Lock()
_creation_locks: Dict[str, threading.Lock] = {} # Per-task locks for sandbox creation
_creation_locks_lock = threading.Lock() # Protects _creation_locks dict itself
_cleanup_thread = None
_cleanup_running = False
# Per-task environment overrides registry.
# Allows environments (e.g., TerminalBench2Env) to specify a custom Docker/Modal
# image for a specific task_id BEFORE the agent loop starts. When the terminal or
# file tools create a new sandbox for that task_id, they check this registry first
# and fall back to the TERMINAL_MODAL_IMAGE (etc.) env var if no override is set.
#
# This is never exposed to the model -- only infrastructure code calls it.
# Thread-safe because each task_id is unique per rollout.
_task_env_overrides: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
def register_task_env_overrides(task_id: str, overrides: Dict[str, Any]):
"""
Register environment overrides for a specific task/rollout.
Called by Atropos environments before the agent loop to configure
per-task sandbox settings (e.g., a custom Dockerfile for the Modal image).
Supported override keys:
- modal_image: str -- Path to Dockerfile or Docker Hub image name
- docker_image: str -- Docker image name
- cwd: str -- Working directory inside the sandbox
Args:
task_id: The rollout's unique task identifier
overrides: Dict of config keys to override
"""
_task_env_overrides[task_id] = overrides
def clear_task_env_overrides(task_id: str):
"""
Clear environment overrides for a task after rollout completes.
Called during cleanup to avoid stale entries accumulating.
"""
_task_env_overrides.pop(task_id, None)
# Configuration from environment variables
def _get_env_config() -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Get terminal environment configuration from environment variables."""
# Default image with Python and Node.js for maximum compatibility
default_image = "nikolaik/python-nodejs:python3.11-nodejs20"
env_type = os.getenv("TERMINAL_ENV", "local")
# Default cwd depends on backend:
# - local: host's current working directory
# - ssh: remote user's home (agent code is local, execution is remote)
# - docker: / inside the container
# - singularity/modal: /root (ephemeral cloud/container)
if env_type in ("modal", "singularity"):
default_cwd = "/root"
elif env_type == "docker":
default_cwd = "/"
elif env_type == "ssh":
default_cwd = "~"
else:
default_cwd = os.getcwd()
# Read TERMINAL_CWD but sanity-check it for non-local backends.
# If the CWD looks like a host-local path that can't exist inside a
# container/sandbox, fall back to the backend's own default. This
# catches the case where cli.py (or .env) leaked the host's CWD.
cwd = os.getenv("TERMINAL_CWD", default_cwd)
if env_type in ("modal", "docker", "singularity", "ssh") and cwd:
# Paths containing common host-only prefixes are clearly wrong
# inside a container. Also catch Windows-style paths (C:\...).
host_prefixes = ("/Users/", "/home/", "C:\\", "C:/")
if any(cwd.startswith(p) for p in host_prefixes) and cwd != default_cwd:
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
print(
f"[Terminal] Ignoring TERMINAL_CWD={cwd!r} for {env_type} backend "
f"(host path won't exist in sandbox). Using {default_cwd!r} instead."
)
cwd = default_cwd
return {
"env_type": env_type,
"docker_image": os.getenv("TERMINAL_DOCKER_IMAGE", default_image),
"singularity_image": os.getenv("TERMINAL_SINGULARITY_IMAGE", f"docker://{default_image}"),
"modal_image": os.getenv("TERMINAL_MODAL_IMAGE", default_image),
"cwd": cwd,
"timeout": int(os.getenv("TERMINAL_TIMEOUT", "60")),
"lifetime_seconds": int(os.getenv("TERMINAL_LIFETIME_SECONDS", "300")),
# SSH-specific config
"ssh_host": os.getenv("TERMINAL_SSH_HOST", ""),
"ssh_user": os.getenv("TERMINAL_SSH_USER", ""),
"ssh_port": int(os.getenv("TERMINAL_SSH_PORT", "22")),
"ssh_key": os.getenv("TERMINAL_SSH_KEY", ""), # Path to private key (optional, uses ssh-agent if empty)
}
def _create_environment(env_type: str, image: str, cwd: str, timeout: int, ssh_config: dict = None):
"""
Create an execution environment from mini-swe-agent.
Args:
env_type: One of "local", "docker", "singularity", "modal", "ssh"
image: Docker/Singularity/Modal image name (ignored for local/ssh)
cwd: Working directory
timeout: Default command timeout
ssh_config: SSH connection config (for env_type="ssh")
Returns:
Environment instance with execute() method
"""
if env_type == "local":
# Use our custom LocalEnvironment with sudo support and non-blocking stdin
return _LocalEnvironment(cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)
elif env_type == "docker":
# Use custom Docker wrapper with sudo support and non-blocking stdin
return _DockerEnvironment(image=image, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)
elif env_type == "singularity":
# Use custom Singularity environment with better space management
return _SingularityEnvironment(image=image, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)
elif env_type == "modal":
# Use custom Modal wrapper with sudo support
return _ModalEnvironment(image=image, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)
elif env_type == "ssh":
if not ssh_config or not ssh_config.get("host") or not ssh_config.get("user"):
raise ValueError("SSH environment requires ssh_host and ssh_user to be configured")
return _SSHEnvironment(
host=ssh_config["host"],
user=ssh_config["user"],
port=ssh_config.get("port", 22),
key_path=ssh_config.get("key", ""),
cwd=cwd,
timeout=timeout
)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown environment type: {env_type}. Use 'local', 'docker', 'singularity', 'modal', or 'ssh'")
def _cleanup_inactive_envs(lifetime_seconds: int = 300):
"""Clean up environments that have been inactive for longer than lifetime_seconds."""
global _active_environments, _last_activity
current_time = time.time()
# Check the process registry -- skip cleanup for sandboxes with active
# background processes (their _last_activity gets refreshed to keep them alive).
try:
from tools.process_registry import process_registry
for task_id in list(_last_activity.keys()):
if process_registry.has_active_processes(task_id):
_last_activity[task_id] = current_time # Keep sandbox alive
except ImportError:
pass
# Phase 1: collect stale entries and remove them from tracking dicts while
# holding the lock. Do NOT call env.cleanup() inside the lock -- Modal and
# Docker teardown can block for 10-15s, which would stall every concurrent
# terminal/file tool call waiting on _env_lock.
envs_to_stop = [] # list of (task_id, env) pairs
with _env_lock:
for task_id, last_time in list(_last_activity.items()):
if current_time - last_time > lifetime_seconds:
env = _active_environments.pop(task_id, None)
_last_activity.pop(task_id, None)
_task_workdirs.pop(task_id, None)
if env is not None:
envs_to_stop.append((task_id, env))
# Also purge per-task creation locks for cleaned-up tasks
with _creation_locks_lock:
for task_id, _ in envs_to_stop:
_creation_locks.pop(task_id, None)
# Phase 2: stop the actual sandboxes OUTSIDE the lock so other tool calls
# are not blocked while Modal/Docker sandboxes shut down.
for task_id, env in envs_to_stop:
# Invalidate stale file_ops cache entry (Bug fix: prevents
# ShellFileOperations from referencing a dead sandbox)
try:
from tools.file_tools import clear_file_ops_cache
clear_file_ops_cache(task_id)
except ImportError:
pass
try:
if hasattr(env, 'cleanup'):
env.cleanup()
elif hasattr(env, 'stop'):
env.stop()
elif hasattr(env, 'terminate'):
env.terminate()
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Cleaned up inactive environment for task: {task_id}")
except Exception as e:
error_str = str(e)
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
if "404" in error_str or "not found" in error_str.lower():
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Environment for task {task_id} already cleaned up")
else:
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Error cleaning up environment for task {task_id}: {e}")
def _cleanup_thread_worker():
"""Background thread worker that periodically cleans up inactive environments."""
global _cleanup_running
while _cleanup_running:
try:
config = _get_env_config()
_cleanup_inactive_envs(config["lifetime_seconds"])
except Exception as e:
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Error in cleanup thread: {e}")
for _ in range(60):
if not _cleanup_running:
break
time.sleep(1)
def _start_cleanup_thread():
"""Start the background cleanup thread if not already running."""
global _cleanup_thread, _cleanup_running
with _env_lock:
if _cleanup_thread is None or not _cleanup_thread.is_alive():
_cleanup_running = True
_cleanup_thread = threading.Thread(target=_cleanup_thread_worker, daemon=True)
_cleanup_thread.start()
def _stop_cleanup_thread():
"""Stop the background cleanup thread."""
global _cleanup_running
_cleanup_running = False
if _cleanup_thread is not None:
_cleanup_thread.join(timeout=5)
def get_active_environments_info() -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Get information about currently active environments."""
info = {
"count": len(_active_environments),
"task_ids": list(_active_environments.keys()),
"workdirs": dict(_task_workdirs),
}
# Calculate total disk usage
total_size = 0
for task_id in _active_environments.keys():
# Check sandbox and workdir sizes
scratch_dir = _get_scratch_dir()
for pattern in [f"hermes-*{task_id[:8]}*"]:
import glob
for path in glob.glob(str(scratch_dir / "hermes-*")):
try:
size = sum(f.stat().st_size for f in Path(path).rglob('*') if f.is_file())
total_size += size
except:
pass
info["total_disk_usage_mb"] = round(total_size / (1024 * 1024), 2)
return info
def cleanup_all_environments():
"""Clean up ALL active environments. Use with caution."""
global _active_environments, _last_activity, _task_workdirs
task_ids = list(_active_environments.keys())
cleaned = 0
for task_id in task_ids:
try:
cleanup_vm(task_id)
cleaned += 1
except Exception as e:
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Error cleaning {task_id}: {e}")
# Also clean any orphaned directories
scratch_dir = _get_scratch_dir()
import glob
for path in glob.glob(str(scratch_dir / "hermes-*")):
try:
shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=True)
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Removed orphaned: {path}")
except:
pass
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET") and cleaned > 0:
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Cleaned {cleaned} environments")
return cleaned
def cleanup_vm(task_id: str):
"""Manually clean up a specific environment by task_id."""
global _active_environments, _last_activity, _task_workdirs
# Remove from tracking dicts while holding the lock, but defer the
# actual (potentially slow) env.cleanup() call to outside the lock
# so other tool calls aren't blocked.
env = None
with _env_lock:
env = _active_environments.pop(task_id, None)
_task_workdirs.pop(task_id, None)
_last_activity.pop(task_id, None)
# Clean up per-task creation lock
with _creation_locks_lock:
_creation_locks.pop(task_id, None)
# Invalidate stale file_ops cache entry
try:
from tools.file_tools import clear_file_ops_cache
clear_file_ops_cache(task_id)
except ImportError:
pass
if env is None:
return
try:
if hasattr(env, 'cleanup'):
env.cleanup()
elif hasattr(env, 'stop'):
env.stop()
elif hasattr(env, 'terminate'):
env.terminate()
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Manually cleaned up environment for task: {task_id}")
except Exception as e:
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
error_str = str(e)
if "404" in error_str or "not found" in error_str.lower():
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Environment for task {task_id} already cleaned up")
else:
print(f"[Terminal Cleanup] Error cleaning up environment for task {task_id}: {e}")
def _atexit_cleanup():
"""Stop cleanup thread and shut down all remaining sandboxes on exit."""
_stop_cleanup_thread()
if _active_environments:
count = len(_active_environments)
print(f"\n[Terminal Cleanup] Shutting down {count} remaining sandbox(es)...")
cleanup_all_environments()
atexit.register(_atexit_cleanup)
def terminal_tool(
command: str,
background: bool = False,
timeout: Optional[int] = None,
task_id: Optional[str] = None,
force: bool = False,
workdir: Optional[str] = None,
check_interval: Optional[int] = None,
pty: bool = False,
) -> str:
"""
Execute a command using mini-swe-agent's execution environments.
Args:
command: The command to execute
background: Whether to run in background (default: False)
timeout: Command timeout in seconds (default: from config)
task_id: Unique identifier for environment isolation (optional)
force: If True, skip dangerous command check (use after user confirms)
workdir: Working directory for this command (optional, uses session cwd if not set)
check_interval: Seconds between auto-checks for background processes (gateway only, min 30)
pty: If True, use pseudo-terminal for interactive CLI tools (local backend only)
Returns:
str: JSON string with output, exit_code, and error fields
Examples:
# Execute a simple command
>>> result = terminal_tool(command="ls -la /tmp")
# Run a background task
>>> result = terminal_tool(command="python server.py", background=True)
# With custom timeout
>>> result = terminal_tool(command="long_task.sh", timeout=300)
# Force run after user confirmation
# Note: force parameter is internal only, not exposed to model API
"""
global _active_environments, _last_activity
try:
# Get configuration
config = _get_env_config()
env_type = config["env_type"]
# Use task_id for environment isolation
effective_task_id = task_id or "default"
# Check per-task overrides (set by environments like TerminalBench2Env)
# before falling back to global env var config
overrides = _task_env_overrides.get(effective_task_id, {})
# Select image based on env type, with per-task override support
if env_type == "docker":
image = overrides.get("docker_image") or config["docker_image"]
elif env_type == "singularity":
image = overrides.get("singularity_image") or config["singularity_image"]
elif env_type == "modal":
image = overrides.get("modal_image") or config["modal_image"]
else:
image = ""
cwd = overrides.get("cwd") or config["cwd"]
default_timeout = config["timeout"]
effective_timeout = timeout or default_timeout
# For local environment in batch mode, create a unique subdirectory per task
# This prevents parallel tasks from overwriting each other's files
# In CLI mode (HERMES_QUIET), use the cwd directly without subdirectories
if env_type == "local" and not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
import uuid
with _env_lock:
if effective_task_id not in _task_workdirs:
task_workdir = Path(cwd) / f"hermes-{effective_task_id}-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
task_workdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
_task_workdirs[effective_task_id] = str(task_workdir)
cwd = _task_workdirs[effective_task_id]
# Start cleanup thread
_start_cleanup_thread()
# Get or create environment.
# Use a per-task creation lock so concurrent tool calls for the same
# task_id wait for the first one to finish creating the sandbox,
# instead of each creating their own (wasting Modal resources).
with _env_lock:
if effective_task_id in _active_environments:
_last_activity[effective_task_id] = time.time()
env = _active_environments[effective_task_id]
needs_creation = False
else:
needs_creation = True
if needs_creation:
# Per-task lock: only one thread creates the sandbox, others wait
with _creation_locks_lock:
if effective_task_id not in _creation_locks:
_creation_locks[effective_task_id] = threading.Lock()
task_lock = _creation_locks[effective_task_id]
with task_lock:
# Double-check after acquiring the per-task lock
with _env_lock:
if effective_task_id in _active_environments:
_last_activity[effective_task_id] = time.time()
env = _active_environments[effective_task_id]
needs_creation = False
if needs_creation:
if env_type in ("singularity", "local"):
_check_disk_usage_warning()
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
print(f"[Terminal] Creating new {env_type} environment for task {effective_task_id[:8]}...", flush=True)
try:
ssh_config = None
if env_type == "ssh":
ssh_config = {
"host": config.get("ssh_host", ""),
"user": config.get("ssh_user", ""),
"port": config.get("ssh_port", 22),
"key": config.get("ssh_key", ""),
}
new_env = _create_environment(
env_type=env_type,
image=image,
cwd=cwd,
timeout=effective_timeout,
ssh_config=ssh_config
)
except ImportError as e:
return json.dumps({
"output": "",
"exit_code": -1,
"error": f"Terminal tool disabled: mini-swe-agent not available ({e})",
"status": "disabled"
}, ensure_ascii=False)
with _env_lock:
_active_environments[effective_task_id] = new_env
_last_activity[effective_task_id] = time.time()
env = new_env
if not os.getenv("HERMES_QUIET"):
print(f"[Terminal] {env_type} environment ready for task {effective_task_id[:8]}", flush=True)
# Check for dangerous commands (only for local/ssh in interactive modes)
# Skip check if force=True (user has confirmed they want to run it)
if not force:
approval = _check_dangerous_command(command, env_type)
if not approval["approved"]:
# Check if this is an approval_required (gateway ask mode)
if approval.get("status") == "approval_required":
return json.dumps({
"output": "",
"exit_code": -1,
"error": approval.get("message", "Waiting for user approval"),
"status": "approval_required",
"command": approval.get("command", command),
"description": approval.get("description", "dangerous command"),
"pattern_key": approval.get("pattern_key", ""),
}, ensure_ascii=False)
# Command was blocked - return informative message
return json.dumps({
"output": "",
"exit_code": -1,
"error": approval.get("message", "Command denied - potentially dangerous operation"),
"status": "blocked"
}, ensure_ascii=False)
# Prepare command for execution
if background:
# Spawn a tracked background process via the process registry.
# For local backends: uses subprocess.Popen with output buffering.
# For non-local backends: runs inside the sandbox via env.execute().
from tools.process_registry import process_registry
session_key = os.getenv("HERMES_SESSION_KEY", "")
effective_cwd = workdir or cwd
try:
if env_type == "local":
proc_session = process_registry.spawn_local(
command=command,
cwd=effective_cwd,
task_id=effective_task_id,
session_key=session_key,
env_vars=env.env if hasattr(env, 'env') else None,
use_pty=pty,
)
else:
proc_session = process_registry.spawn_via_env(
env=env,
command=command,
cwd=effective_cwd,
task_id=effective_task_id,
session_key=session_key,
)
result_data = {
"output": "Background process started",
"session_id": proc_session.id,
"pid": proc_session.pid,
"exit_code": 0,
"error": None,
}
# Transparent timeout clamping note
max_timeout = effective_timeout
if timeout and timeout > max_timeout:
result_data["timeout_note"] = (
f"Requested timeout {timeout}s was clamped to "
f"configured limit of {max_timeout}s"
)
# Register check_interval watcher (gateway picks this up after agent run)
if check_interval and background:
effective_interval = max(30, check_interval)
if check_interval < 30:
result_data["check_interval_note"] = (
f"Requested {check_interval}s raised to minimum 30s"
)
process_registry.pending_watchers.append({
"session_id": proc_session.id,
"check_interval": effective_interval,
"session_key": session_key,
"platform": os.getenv("HERMES_SESSION_PLATFORM", ""),
"chat_id": os.getenv("HERMES_SESSION_CHAT_ID", ""),
})
return json.dumps(result_data, ensure_ascii=False)
except Exception as e:
return json.dumps({
"output": "",
"exit_code": -1,
"error": f"Failed to start background process: {str(e)}"
}, ensure_ascii=False)
else:
# Run foreground command with retry logic
max_retries = 3
retry_count = 0
result = None
while retry_count <= max_retries:
try:
execute_kwargs = {"timeout": effective_timeout}
if workdir:
execute_kwargs["cwd"] = workdir
result = env.execute(command, **execute_kwargs)
except Exception as e:
error_str = str(e).lower()
if "timeout" in error_str:
return json.dumps({
"output": "",
"exit_code": 124,
"error": f"Command timed out after {effective_timeout} seconds"
}, ensure_ascii=False)
# Retry on transient errors
if retry_count < max_retries:
retry_count += 1
wait_time = 2 ** retry_count
print(f"⚠️ Terminal: execution error, retrying in {wait_time}s (attempt {retry_count}/{max_retries})")
print(f" Command: {command[:200]}")
print(f" Error: {type(e).__name__}: {e}")
print(f" Task ID: {effective_task_id}, Backend: {env_type}")
time.sleep(wait_time)
continue
print(f"❌ Terminal: execution failed after {max_retries} retries")
print(f" Command: {command[:200]}")
print(f" Error: {type(e).__name__}: {e}")
print(f" Task ID: {effective_task_id}, Backend: {env_type}")
return json.dumps({
"output": "",
"exit_code": -1,
"error": f"Command execution failed: {type(e).__name__}: {str(e)}"
}, ensure_ascii=False)
# Got a result
break
# Extract output
output = result.get("output", "")
returncode = result.get("returncode", 0)
# Add helpful message for sudo failures in messaging context
output = _handle_sudo_failure(output, env_type)
# Truncate output if too long
MAX_OUTPUT_CHARS = 50000
if len(output) > MAX_OUTPUT_CHARS:
truncated_notice = f"\n\n... [OUTPUT TRUNCATED - showing last {MAX_OUTPUT_CHARS} chars of {len(output)} total] ..."
output = truncated_notice + output[-MAX_OUTPUT_CHARS:]
return json.dumps({
"output": output.strip() if output else "",
"exit_code": returncode,
"error": None
}, ensure_ascii=False)
except Exception as e:
return json.dumps({
"output": "",
"exit_code": -1,
"error": f"Failed to execute command: {str(e)}",
"status": "error"
}, ensure_ascii=False)
def check_terminal_requirements() -> bool:
"""Check if all requirements for the terminal tool are met."""
config = _get_env_config()
env_type = config["env_type"]
try:
if env_type == "local":
from minisweagent.environments.local import LocalEnvironment
return True
elif env_type == "docker":
from minisweagent.environments.docker import DockerEnvironment
# Check if docker is available
import subprocess
result = subprocess.run(["docker", "version"], capture_output=True, timeout=5)
return result.returncode == 0
elif env_type == "singularity":
from minisweagent.environments.singularity import SingularityEnvironment
# Check if singularity/apptainer is available
import subprocess
import shutil
executable = shutil.which("apptainer") or shutil.which("singularity")
if executable:
result = subprocess.run([executable, "--version"], capture_output=True, timeout=5)
return result.returncode == 0
return False
elif env_type == "modal":
from minisweagent.environments.extra.swerex_modal import SwerexModalEnvironment
# Check for modal token
return os.getenv("MODAL_TOKEN_ID") is not None or Path.home().joinpath(".modal.toml").exists()
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print(f"Terminal requirements check failed: {e}")
return False
if __name__ == "__main__":
"""Simple test when run directly."""
print("Terminal Tool Module (mini-swe-agent backend)")
print("=" * 50)
config = _get_env_config()
print(f"\nCurrent Configuration:")
print(f" Environment type: {config['env_type']}")
print(f" Docker image: {config['docker_image']}")
print(f" Modal image: {config['modal_image']}")
print(f" Working directory: {config['cwd']}")
print(f" Default timeout: {config['timeout']}s")
print(f" Lifetime: {config['lifetime_seconds']}s")
if not check_terminal_requirements():
print("\n❌ Requirements not met. Please check the messages above.")
exit(1)
print("\n✅ All requirements met!")
print("\nAvailable Tool:")
print(" - terminal_tool: Execute commands using mini-swe-agent environments")
print("\nUsage Examples:")
print(" # Execute a command")
print(" result = terminal_tool(command='ls -la')")
print(" ")
print(" # Run a background task")
print(" result = terminal_tool(command='python server.py', background=True)")
print("\nEnvironment Variables:")
default_img = "nikolaik/python-nodejs:python3.11-nodejs20"
print(f" TERMINAL_ENV: {os.getenv('TERMINAL_ENV', 'local')} (local/docker/singularity/modal/ssh)")
print(f" TERMINAL_DOCKER_IMAGE: {os.getenv('TERMINAL_DOCKER_IMAGE', default_img)}")
print(f" TERMINAL_SINGULARITY_IMAGE: {os.getenv('TERMINAL_SINGULARITY_IMAGE', f'docker://{default_img}')}")
print(f" TERMINAL_MODAL_IMAGE: {os.getenv('TERMINAL_MODAL_IMAGE', default_img)}")
print(f" TERMINAL_CWD: {os.getenv('TERMINAL_CWD', os.getcwd())}")
print(f" TERMINAL_TIMEOUT: {os.getenv('TERMINAL_TIMEOUT', '60')}")
print(f" TERMINAL_LIFETIME_SECONDS: {os.getenv('TERMINAL_LIFETIME_SECONDS', '300')}")