735ca9dfb2
Drop the swe-rex dependency for Modal terminal backend and use the Modal SDK directly (Sandbox.create + Sandbox.exec). This fixes: - AsyncUsageWarning from synchronous App.lookup() in async context - DeprecationError from unencrypted_ports / .url on unencrypted tunnels (deprecated 2026-03-05) The new implementation: - Uses modal.App.lookup.aio() for async-safe app creation - Uses Sandbox.create.aio() with 'sleep infinity' entrypoint - Uses Sandbox.exec.aio() for direct command execution (no HTTP server or tunnel needed) - Keeps all existing features: persistent filesystem snapshots, configurable resources (CPU/memory/disk), sudo support, interrupt handling, _AsyncWorker for event loop safety Consistent with the Docker backend precedent (PR #2804) where we removed mini-swe-agent in favor of direct docker run. Files changed: - tools/environments/modal.py - core rewrite - tools/terminal_tool.py - health check: modal instead of swerex - hermes_cli/setup.py - install modal instead of swe-rex[modal] - pyproject.toml - modal extra: modal>=1.0.0 instead of swe-rex[modal] - scripts/kill_modal.sh - grep for hermes-agent instead of swe-rex - tests/ - updated for new implementation - environments/README.md - updated patches section - website/docs - updated install command
275 lines
10 KiB
Python
275 lines
10 KiB
Python
"""Modal cloud execution environment using the Modal SDK directly.
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Replaces the previous swe-rex ModalDeployment wrapper with native Modal
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Sandbox.create() + Sandbox.exec() calls. This eliminates the need for
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swe-rex's HTTP runtime server and unencrypted tunnel, fixing:
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- AsyncUsageWarning from synchronous App.lookup in async context
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- DeprecationError from unencrypted_ports / .url on unencrypted tunnels
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Supports persistent filesystem snapshots: when enabled, the sandbox's
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filesystem is snapshotted on cleanup and restored on next creation, so
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installed packages, project files, and config changes survive across sessions.
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"""
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import asyncio
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import json
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import logging
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import shlex
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import threading
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import uuid
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from pathlib import Path
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from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
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from hermes_cli.config import get_hermes_home
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from tools.environments.base import BaseEnvironment
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from tools.interrupt import is_interrupted
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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_SNAPSHOT_STORE = get_hermes_home() / "modal_snapshots.json"
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def _load_snapshots() -> Dict[str, str]:
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"""Load snapshot ID mapping from disk."""
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if _SNAPSHOT_STORE.exists():
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try:
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return json.loads(_SNAPSHOT_STORE.read_text())
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except Exception:
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pass
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return {}
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def _save_snapshots(data: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
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"""Persist snapshot ID mapping to disk."""
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_SNAPSHOT_STORE.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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_SNAPSHOT_STORE.write_text(json.dumps(data, indent=2))
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class _AsyncWorker:
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"""Background thread with its own event loop for async-safe Modal calls.
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Allows sync code to submit async coroutines and block for results,
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even when called from inside another running event loop (e.g. Atropos).
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"""
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def __init__(self):
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self._loop: Optional[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] = None
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self._thread: Optional[threading.Thread] = None
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self._started = threading.Event()
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def start(self):
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self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self._run_loop, daemon=True)
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self._thread.start()
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self._started.wait(timeout=30)
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def _run_loop(self):
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self._loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
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asyncio.set_event_loop(self._loop)
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self._started.set()
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self._loop.run_forever()
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def run_coroutine(self, coro, timeout=600):
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if self._loop is None or self._loop.is_closed():
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raise RuntimeError("AsyncWorker loop is not running")
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future = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(coro, self._loop)
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return future.result(timeout=timeout)
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def stop(self):
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if self._loop and self._loop.is_running():
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self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self._loop.stop)
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if self._thread:
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self._thread.join(timeout=10)
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class ModalEnvironment(BaseEnvironment):
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"""Modal cloud execution via native Modal SDK.
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Uses Modal's Sandbox.create() for container lifecycle and Sandbox.exec()
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for command execution — no intermediate HTTP server or tunnel required.
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Adds sudo -S support, configurable resources (CPU, memory, disk),
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and optional filesystem persistence via Modal's snapshot API.
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"""
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def __init__(
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self,
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image: str,
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cwd: str = "/root",
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timeout: int = 60,
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modal_sandbox_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
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persistent_filesystem: bool = True,
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task_id: str = "default",
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):
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super().__init__(cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)
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self._persistent = persistent_filesystem
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self._task_id = task_id
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self._base_image = image
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self._sandbox = None
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self._app = None
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self._worker = _AsyncWorker()
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sandbox_kwargs = dict(modal_sandbox_kwargs or {})
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# If persistent, try to restore from a previous snapshot
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restored_image = None
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if self._persistent:
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snapshot_id = _load_snapshots().get(self._task_id)
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if snapshot_id:
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try:
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import modal
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restored_image = modal.Image.from_id(snapshot_id)
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logger.info("Modal: restoring from snapshot %s", snapshot_id[:20])
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning("Modal: failed to restore snapshot, using base image: %s", e)
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restored_image = None
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effective_image = restored_image if restored_image else image
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# Pre-build a modal.Image with pip fix for Modal's legacy image builder.
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# Some task images have broken pip; fix via ensurepip before Modal uses it.
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import modal as _modal
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if isinstance(effective_image, str):
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effective_image = _modal.Image.from_registry(
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effective_image,
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setup_dockerfile_commands=[
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"RUN rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python*/site-packages/pip* 2>/dev/null; "
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"python -m ensurepip --upgrade --default-pip 2>/dev/null || true",
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],
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)
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# Start the async worker thread and create sandbox on it
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# so all gRPC channels are bound to the worker's event loop.
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self._worker.start()
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async def _create_sandbox():
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app = await _modal.App.lookup.aio(
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"hermes-agent", create_if_missing=True
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)
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sandbox = await _modal.Sandbox.create.aio(
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"sleep", "infinity",
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image=effective_image,
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app=app,
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timeout=int(sandbox_kwargs.pop("timeout", 3600)),
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**sandbox_kwargs,
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)
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return app, sandbox
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self._app, self._sandbox = self._worker.run_coroutine(
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_create_sandbox(), timeout=300
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)
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logger.info("Modal: sandbox created (task=%s)", self._task_id)
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def execute(self, command: str, cwd: str = "", *,
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timeout: int | None = None,
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stdin_data: str | None = None) -> dict:
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if stdin_data is not None:
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marker = f"HERMES_EOF_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
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while marker in stdin_data:
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marker = f"HERMES_EOF_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
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command = f"{command} << '{marker}'\n{stdin_data}\n{marker}"
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exec_command, sudo_stdin = self._prepare_command(command)
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# Modal sandboxes execute commands via exec() and cannot pipe
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# subprocess stdin directly. When a sudo password is present,
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# use a shell-level pipe from printf.
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if sudo_stdin is not None:
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exec_command = (
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f"printf '%s\\n' {shlex.quote(sudo_stdin.rstrip())} | {exec_command}"
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)
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effective_cwd = cwd or self.cwd
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effective_timeout = timeout or self.timeout
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# Wrap command with cd + stderr merge
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full_command = f"cd {shlex.quote(effective_cwd)} && {exec_command}"
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# Run in a background thread so we can poll for interrupts
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result_holder = {"value": None, "error": None}
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def _run():
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try:
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async def _do_execute():
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process = await self._sandbox.exec.aio(
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"bash", "-c", full_command,
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timeout=effective_timeout,
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)
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# Read stdout; redirect stderr to stdout in the shell
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# command so we get merged output
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stdout = await process.stdout.read.aio()
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stderr = await process.stderr.read.aio()
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exit_code = await process.wait.aio()
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# Merge stdout + stderr (stderr after stdout)
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output = stdout
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if stderr:
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output = f"{stdout}\n{stderr}" if stdout else stderr
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return output, exit_code
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output, exit_code = self._worker.run_coroutine(
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_do_execute(), timeout=effective_timeout + 30
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)
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result_holder["value"] = {
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"output": output,
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"returncode": exit_code,
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}
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except Exception as e:
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result_holder["error"] = e
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t = threading.Thread(target=_run, daemon=True)
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t.start()
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while t.is_alive():
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t.join(timeout=0.2)
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if is_interrupted():
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try:
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self._worker.run_coroutine(
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self._sandbox.terminate.aio(),
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timeout=15,
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)
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except Exception:
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pass
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return {
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"output": "[Command interrupted - Modal sandbox terminated]",
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"returncode": 130,
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}
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if result_holder["error"]:
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return {"output": f"Modal execution error: {result_holder['error']}", "returncode": 1}
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return result_holder["value"]
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def cleanup(self):
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"""Snapshot the filesystem (if persistent) then stop the sandbox."""
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if self._sandbox is None:
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return
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if self._persistent:
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try:
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async def _snapshot():
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img = await self._sandbox.snapshot_filesystem.aio()
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return img.object_id
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try:
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snapshot_id = self._worker.run_coroutine(_snapshot(), timeout=60)
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except Exception:
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snapshot_id = None
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if snapshot_id:
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snapshots = _load_snapshots()
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snapshots[self._task_id] = snapshot_id
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_save_snapshots(snapshots)
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logger.info("Modal: saved filesystem snapshot %s for task %s",
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snapshot_id[:20], self._task_id)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning("Modal: filesystem snapshot failed: %s", e)
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try:
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self._worker.run_coroutine(
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self._sandbox.terminate.aio(),
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timeout=15,
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)
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except Exception:
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pass
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finally:
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self._worker.stop()
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self._sandbox = None
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self._app = None
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